ABSTRACT
Objetivo General: Establecer nivel de conocimiento sobre tuberculosis y vacuna, BCG., de padres y representantes, en Ambulatorio Gabriel Trompiz, Tucacas, Estado Falcón. Metodología: Es un estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal, con una muestra poblacional de 180 madres, padres y representantes entre octubre y diciembre de 2022. Se utilizaron encuestas, formularios elaborados y validados en estudios anteriores; la información fue procesada con el programa estadístico Microsoft Excel. Resultados: la mayor parte de la población respondió que la tuberculosis es una enfermedad producida por un virus, con respecto a la importancia de las inmunizaciones, un 20% desconocía la importancia de la vacunación. El 77% conocían información básica acerca de la vacuna BCG. En cuanto a las enfermedades prevenibles por esta vacuna, un 54% respondió que se trataba sobre la tuberculosis, mientras que casi la mitad de la población estudiada tenía la creencia que tenía que ver con el resfriado común. El 72% de la población considera que la fiebre es una contraindicación para la aplicación de la vacuna BCG. Se demostró que existía una gran desinformación con respecto a la vacunación en la población infantil en el medio rural venezolano(AU)
To establish the level of knowledge about tuberculosis and BCG vaccine., of parents and representatives in the Gabriel Trompiz outpatient clinic, Tucacas, Falcon State. Methodology: it is a descriptive cross-sectional study, with a population sample of 180 mothers, fathers and representatives between October and December 2022. Surveys, forms prepared and validated in previous studies were used, the information was processedwith the Microsoft Excel statistical program. Results: most of the population answered that tuberculosis was a disease caused by a virus, regarding the importance of immunizations, 20% were unaware of the importance of vaccination. 77% knew basic information about the BCG vaccine. Regarding the diseases preventable by this vaccine, 54% answered that it was about tuberculosis, while almost half of the population studied believed that it had to do with the common cold. 72% of the population considers that fever is a contraindication for the application of the BCG vaccine. It was demonstrated that there was a great amount of misinformation regarding vaccination in the child population in rural Venezuela(AU)
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis , BCG Vaccine , Immunization Schedule , Pediatrics , Public Health , Disease Prevention , Sociodemographic FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Data on the immunogenicity and safety of heterologous immunization schedules are inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of homologous and heterologous immunization schedules.@*METHODS@#Multiple databases with relevant studies were searched with an end date of October 31, 2021, and a website including a series of Coronavirus disease 2019 studies was examined for studies before March 31, 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared different heterologous and homologous regimens among adults that reported immunogenicity and safety outcomes were reviewed. Primary outcomes included neutralizing antibodies against the original strain and serious adverse events (SAEs). A network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted using a random-effects model.@*RESULTS@#In all, 11 RCTs were included in the systematic review, and nine were ultimately included in the NMA. Among participants who received two doses of CoronaVac, another dose of mRNA or a non-replicating viral vector vaccine resulted in a significantly higher level of neutralizing antibody than a third CoronaVac 600 sino unit (SU); a dose of BNT162b2 induced the highest geometric mean ratio (GMR) of 15.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.53-24.39. Following one dose of BNT162b2 vaccination, a dose of mRNA-1273 generated a significantly higher level of neutralizing antibody than BNT162b2 alone (GMR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.06-1.64), NVX-CoV2373 (GMR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.16-2.21), or ChAdOx1 (GMR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.25-2.59). Following one dose of ChAdOx1, a dose of mRNA-1273 was also more effective for improving antibody levels than ChAdOx1 (GMR = 11.09; 95% CI: 8.36-14.71) or NVX-CoV2373 (GMR = 2.87; 95% CI: 1.08-3.91). No significant difference in the risk for SAEs was found in any comparisons.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Relative to vaccination with two doses of CoronaVac, a dose of BNT162b2 as a booster substantially enhances immunogenicity reactions and has a relatively acceptable risk for SAEs relative to other vaccines. For primary vaccination, schedules including mRNA vaccines induce a greater immune response. However, the comparatively higher risk for local and systemic adverse events introduced by mRNA vaccines should be noted.@*REGISTRATION@#PROSPERO; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ ; No. CRD42021278149.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , BNT162 Vaccine , 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273 , Network Meta-Analysis , Immunization Schedule , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects , Viral Vaccines , mRNA Vaccines , Antibodies, Neutralizing , Antibodies, ViralABSTRACT
La percepción de padres ante los programas de vacunación de los niños para la prevención de enfermedades, así como las campañas de información y conocimiento sobre las vacunas, motiva el interés científico por conocer y evaluar los factores relacionados al grado de conocimiento, aptitudes y fuentes de información de la población sobre las vacunas, siendo la inmunización un método que permite adquirir inmunidad contra las enfermedades comunes y mortales y reduce gastos por tratamientos para la mejoría de la salud. Objetivo: Describir la percepción de los padres sobre la vacunación infantil. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa, a través del estudio de revisión de contenido relacionado con el descriptor vacunación, donde se recopila la información de interés según su aparición en la búsqueda. El estudio está basado en el paradigma positivista con observación y registro de información relevante con el tema. Resultados: La falta de información sobre los riesgos y beneficios de la vacunación es un factor que induce a la desconfianza e inseguridad respecto a las vacunas; gran parte de los padres considera útil la vacuna, necesaria y beneficiosa pero prevalece la idea que la inmunización puede ser algo peligroso y con efectos indeseables y secuelas graves por información mediática no bién conducida. Conclusiones: Diversos estudios señalan factores que impiden que los padres de los niños cumplan con los esquemas de vacunación, entre estos la falta de información y conocimiento sobre las vacunas, que evitan las enfermedades en los menores reforzando el sistema inmunológico, así como, otra de las razones es la falta de vacunas en los centros asistenciales, que genera desinterés y dificulta el cumplimiento de los programas de vacunación, además, servicios lentos y poca empatía del personal que presta atención en los centros de salud aumentan la percepción negativa sobre la vacunación(AU)
The perception of parents regarding the vaccination programs for children for the prevention of diseases, as well as the information and knowledge campaigns about vaccines, motivates the scientific interest in knowing and evaluating the factors related to the degree of knowledge, aptitudes and sources of information for the population about vaccines, immunization being a method that allows acquiring immunity against common and deadly diseases and reduces expenses for treatments to improve health. Objective: To describe the perception of parents about childhood vaccination. Materials and Methods Qualitative research, through a content review study related to the vaccination descriptor, where the information of interest is compiled according to its appearance in the search. The study is based on the positivist paradigm with observation and recording of information relevant to the subject. Results: The lack of information about the risks and benefits of vaccination is a factor that induces mistrust and insecurity regarding vaccines; A large part of the parents considers the vaccine useful, necessary and beneficial, but the idea prevails that immunization can be something dangerous and with undesirable effects and serious sequelae due to misguided media information. Conclusnios: Various studies point to factors that prevent parents of children from complying with vaccination schedules, including lack of information and knowledge about vaccines, which prevent diseases in minors by strengthening the immune system, as well as another of The reasons are the lack of vaccines in health centers, which generates disinterest and makes it difficult to comply with vaccination programs, in addition, slow services and little empathy of the personnel who provide care in health centers increase the negative perception about vaccination(AU)
Subject(s)
Parents , Perception , Immunization Schedule , Vaccination , Health Centers , Disease , Disease PreventionABSTRACT
Diferentes características socio demográficas describen una disminución en el proceso de vacunación en niños originando rebrotes de enfermedades que se suponían controladas. Objetivos, comprobar la confiabilidad del instrumento de investigación para medir los factores que intervienen en el cumplimiento del calendario de vacunación en las madres con niños menores de 5 años. Materiales y métodos: esta investigación se empleo la metodología mixta, de corte transversal, exploratoria, descriptiva, en la cualitativa se usó la técnica fenomenológica con instrumentos diseñados por los investigadores y validado por juicio de expertos, Resultados. El instrumento de recolección de datos es validado con un puntaje promedio de pertinencia 89, validez de 90 y coherencia 89. Equivalente a 89.33 de confiabilidad, alfa de Cronbach de 0,07, Conclusiones. El instrumento al ser confiable está en condiciones de ser utilizado en investigaciones subsiguientes, teniendo en cuenta que la población a la que se aplicó reúne condiciones específicas de una área rural, dentro de los factores que modifican el cumplimiento del proceso de vacunación se recalcó las creencias de las madres del sector, quienes manifiestan un estado de inseguridad e incertidumbre al oponerse a la aplicación de vacunas a sus hijos, se detalla el estado emocional con tendencia a la depresión con rasgos de ansiedad de las madres como resultado de la actitud de su cultura de desconfianza(AU)
Different sociodemographic characteristics describe a decrease in the vaccination process in children, causing outbreaks of diseases that were supposed to be controlled. Objectives, to verify the reliability of the research instrument to measure the factors that intervene in the fulfillment of the vaccination schedule in mothers with children under 5 years of age. Materials and methods: this research used the mixed, cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive methodology, in the qualitative one the phenomenological technique was used with instruments designed by the researchers and validated by expert judgment, Results. The data collection instrument is validated with an average relevance score of 89, validity of 90 and coherence of 89. Equivalent to 89.33 reliability, Cronbach's alpha of 0.07, Conclusions. The instrument, being reliable, is able to be used in subsequent investigations, taking into account that the population to which it was applied meets specific conditions of a rural area, within the factors that modify compliance with the vaccination process, beliefs of the mothers of the sector, who manifest a state of insecurity and uncertainty when opposing the application of vaccines to their children, the emotional state with a tendency to depression with anxiety traits of the mothers as a result of the attitude of their culture is detailed. of mistrust(AU)
Subject(s)
Vaccines , Immunization Schedule , Mothers , Socioeconomic Factors , Child Health , Disease OutbreaksABSTRACT
El Sistema de Notificación de Eventos Adversos de la FDA (FAERS por sus siglas en inglés), ha informado sobre ciertas reacciones ad- versas a las vacunas que de forma poco común se presentan, siendo los síntomas neurológicos los más frecuentes, como mareos, dolor de cabeza, neuralgias, espasmos musculares, mialgias y parestesias. CoronaVac-Sinovac® es una vacuna de virus completo químicamente inactivo para COVID-19, creada a partir de células renales de mono verde africano que han sido inoculadas con la cepa SARS-CoV-2 CZ02. Noventa jóvenes estudiantes voluntarios entre 20 y 30 años recibieron el esquema de inmunización en dos dosis con 50 días de diferencia. En el presente estudio se observaron síntomas secundarios a la primera y segunda dosis, empleando un instrumento de recolección de informa- ción referente al estado de salud previo y posterior a la administración de la primera y segunda dosis, enfocado a los efectos secundarios. Los resultados manifestaron como las sintomatologías más frecuentes: insomnio, cansancio, dolor en articulaciones, somnolencia y dolor localizado en zona de punción, siendo esta última la más frecuente, también se observó una asociación estrecha con el sexo, la edad y el índice de masa corporal. Son necesarios estudios con mayor número de población observada para establecer resultados concluyentes (AU)
The FAERS, FDA Adverse Event Reporting System, has reported certain adverse reactions to vaccines that may occur uncommonly, with neurological symptoms being the most frequent of this group, manifesting as dizziness, pain headache, neuralgia, muscle spasms, myalgia, and paraesthesia. CoronaVac-Sinovac® is a chemically inactive whole virus vaccine for COVID-19, created from African green monkey kidney cells that have been inoculated with the SARS-CoV-2 CZ02 strain. 90 young volunteer students between 20 and 30 years old received the immunization schedule in two doses 50 days apart, in the present study the symptoms secondary to the first and second dose were observed, using an instrument for collecting information regarding the health status before and after the administration of the first and second dose of vaccination, focused on side effects. The results showed as the most frequent symptoms: Insomnia, tiredness, joint pain, drowsiness and localized pain in the puncture area, the latter being the most frequent, a close association was also observed with sex, age, and body mass index. Studies with a larger number of observed populations are necessary to establish conclusive results (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Students, Dental , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects , Data Collection , Immunization Schedule , SARS-CoV-2 , MexicoABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: Debido a la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 se registraron dificultades o interrupciones en los servicios sanitarios en diversos países, con el consiguiente riesgo para la salud de la población. En Argentina, existe evidencia de una disminución en el número de inmunizaciones aplicadas y la frecuencia de los controles periódicos de salud en pediatría. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en tres centros de salud de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Se detallaron la cantidad de controles de salud y los esquemas de vacunación, entre otras variables, en niños nacidos en 2019 y 2020. RESULTADOS: Se revisaron 505 historias clínicas: 202 de 2019 y 303 de 2020. Los niños nacidos en 2019 y 2020 presentaron una mediana de 2 (rango intercuartílico [RI] 3) controles de salud por paciente entre los 0 y 6 meses. Entre los 7 y 12 meses, la mediana fue de 2 (RI 2) en 2019, y en 2020 fue 1 (RI 2). El esquema de vacunación a los 6 meses se encontraba completo en 32,68% (66) de los niños nacidos en 2019 y 34,65% (105) de los nacidos en 2020. DISCUSIÓN: La disminución en el número de controles de salud entre 7 y 12 meses, en los estudios de pesquisa y en las serologías maternas realizadas podría atribuirse al cambio de conductas sociales debido a la posibilidad de contagio o dificultades en la circulación de las personas al inicio de la pandemia. A diferencia de otras investigaciones, no se registró una disminución en la cobertura de vacunación en la población estudiada.
Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Child Health , Immunization Schedule , COVID-19ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the non/hypo-response to hepatitis B vaccination in HIV-infected patients, identify the influencing factors and provide evidence for the development of hepatitis B prevention and control strategies and measures for special population. Methods: On the basis of the randomized controlled trial of 20 µg hepatitis B vaccine immunization at 0-1-6 month, 0-1-2-6 month and 60 µg hepatitis B vaccine immunization at 0-1-2-6 month, the HIV-infected patients who completed one-month follow-up after the full course vaccination were selected as study subjects. Quantification of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) in serum samples was performed by using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) and demographic characteristics, disease history, HIV infection and treatment status of the study subjects were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted by χ2 test, t test, unconditional logistic regression and interaction analyses. Results: The non/hypo-response rates to hepatitis B vaccination were 34.65% (35/101), 24.49% (24/98) and 10.99% (10/91) in 20 µg group at 0-1-6 month or 0-1-2-6 month and 60 µg group at 0-1-2-6 month (P<0.001), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that after controlling for confounding factors, the risk for non/hypo-response was 0.22 times higher in HIV-infected patients receiving 60 µg hepatitis B vaccine at 0-1-2-6 month than in patients receiving 20 µg hepatitis B vaccine at 0-1-6 month (95%CI: 0.10-0.50), the risk for non/hypo-response was higher in men than in women (OR=3.65, 95%CI: 1.88-7.07), and the risk for non/hypo-response was 2.64 times higher in those without hepatitis B vaccination history than in those with hepatitis B vaccination history (95%CI: 1.10-6.32). Moreover, there were multiplicative interactions between immunization schedule and gender (OR=2.49, 95%CI: 1.24-5.00). Conclusion: The non/hypo-response rate to hepatitis B vaccination was significantly lower in HIV-infected patients receiving 60 µg hepatitis B vaccine at 0-1-2-6 month than in those receiving 20 µg hepatitis B vaccine at 0-1-6 month and 0-1-2-6 month. Gender, vaccination schedule and history of hepatitis B vaccination were the influencing factors of the non/hypo-response to hepatitis B vaccination. There was a multiplicative interaction between vaccination schedule and gender, and men receiving 20 µg hepatitis B vaccines had a higher risk for non/hypo-response to hepatitis B vaccination.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Follow-Up Studies , HIV Infections/immunology , Hepatitis B/prevention & control , Hepatitis B Antibodies , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens , Hepatitis B Vaccines/administration & dosage , Immunization ScheduleABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the immunogenicity of three kinds immunization programs with poliovirus vaccine. Methods: Healthy infants aged 2 months or over were selected and divided into three groups by complete randomization method. Basic immunization with Sabin inactivated poliovirus vaccine(sIPV) and bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine(bOPV) were completed. Three kinds of basic immunization procedures were 1sIPV+2bOPV,2sIPV+1bOPV and 3sIPV, respectively.Two qualified serums that before basic immunization and 28-42 days later were collected, and measured the poliovirus neutralizing antibody with microcell neutralization method. To compare the difference by analysis of variance, rank test and χ2 test. Results: After the basic immunization, 205 subjects of the positive conversion rate of poliovirus neutralizing antibodies of types Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲwere all higher than 97.00%, and the positive rates were all higher than 98.00%, the geometric mean titer (GMT) of neutralizing antibody was significantly higher than that before basic immunization in three groups.There were significant differences in the positive rate and GMT before and after basic immunization of typeⅠ, Ⅱand Ⅲ in the three (P<0.05). The highest GMT in three groups after basic immunization were all typeⅠ, followed by type Ⅲ, and the lowest in type Ⅱ. The GMT of type Ⅱin 2sIPV+1bOPV and 3sIPV groups were both higher than that in sIPV+2bOPV group. Conclution: After three kinds of basic immunization, the poliovirus neutralizing antibodies of serum were all at high levels in three groups, which could form an effective immune barrier against poliovirus. The immunogenicity of three kinds of basic immunization programs were all well, but there were certain differences of neutralizing antibodies among three kinds basic immunization programs. The immunogenicity in 2sIPV+1bOPV and 3sIPV groups against typeⅡpoliovirus were better than that in 1sIPV+2bOPV group.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Antibodies, Neutralizing , Antibodies, Viral , Immunization Schedule , Poliovirus , Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated , Poliovirus Vaccine, OralABSTRACT
Objetivo: Analisar o impacto da vacina adsorvida difteria, tétano e coqueluche (pertússis acelular), tipo adulto (dTpa), materna, na incidência de coqueluche em crianças menores de 1 ano no Brasil, de 2008 a 2018. Métodos: Estudo de tipo ecológico, descritivo de tendência temporal, utilizando-se de dados dos sistemas de vigilância do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (Datasus). Foram calculadas taxas de incidência e razão das taxas de incidência (IRR), com respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: O número de casos de coqueluche foi de 20.650. Houve redução na incidência de coqueluche no período pós-vacinal, de 26,6% (IRR = 0,73; IC95% 0,66;0,82) nas crianças de 3 meses a 1 ano incompleto, e de 63,6% (IRR = 0,36; IC95% 0,15;0,58) nas crianças de zero a 2 meses. Conclusão: O aumento da cobertura da vacinação com dTpa materna correspondeu à redução na incidência de coqueluche, principalmente na faixa etária de zero a 2 meses.
Objetivo: Analizar la incidencia de tos ferina en menores de 1 año y su relación con la cobertura de vacunación materna por la vacuna adsorbida contra la difteria, el tétanos y la tos ferina (tos ferina acelular) tipo adulto (dTpa), de 2008 a 2018, en Brasil. Métodos: Estudio ecológico descriptivo de tendencia temporal utilizando datos de los sistemas de vigilancia del Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (Datasus). Se calcularon los tasas de incidencia y las razones de tasas de incidencia (RTI) con los respectivos intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Resultados: El número de casos de tos ferina en el período de estudio fue de 20,650. Hubo una reducción en la incidencia de tos ferina en el período post-vacunación. En los niños de 3 meses a 1 año incompleto, la reducción fue del 26,6% (RTI = 0,73; IC95% 0,66;0,82), mientras que en el otro grupo la diferencia relativa fue del 63,6% (RTI = 0,36; IC95% 0,15;0,58)]. Conclusión: La vacunación materna con dTpa coincide con una reducción en la incidencia de tos ferina, especialmente en el grupo de edad de cero a 2 meses.
Objetive: To analyze the impact of maternal vaccination coverage with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (Tdap) adsorbed vaccine for adults on pertussis incidence in children under 1 year old in Brazil from 2008 to 2018. Methods: This was a descriptive ecological temporal trend study using data from surveillance systems managed by the Brazilian National Health System Information Technology Department (DATASUS). Incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated with respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: There were 20,650 pertussis cases in the study period. In the post-vaccination period there was a 26.6% reduction (IRR = 0.73; 95%CI 0.66;0.82) in pertussis incidence among children aged from 3 months up to but not including 1 year old, and a 63.6% reduction (IRR = 0.36; 95%CI 0.15;0.58) among children from birth to 2 months old. Conclusion: The increase in maternal Tdap vaccination coverage coincided with a reduction in pertussis incidence, especially in the birth to two-month-old age group.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Adult , Primary Health Care , Whooping Cough/epidemiology , Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines , Brazil/epidemiology , Whooping Cough/prevention & control , Immunization Schedule , Ecological StudiesABSTRACT
Introducción. El menor número de consultas a los centros de atención desde el comienzo de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2podría afectar la vacunación obligatoria.Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2en la administración de vacunas pentavalente y triple viral a niños menores de 2 años en el vacunatorio de un hospital pediátrico de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.Método. Estudio transversal, que utilizó registros informatizados del vacunatorio, de enero a mayo de 2019 y 2020.Resultados. Desde la segunda quincena de marzo de 2020, se observó un 64,2 % de disminución en la aplicación de vacunas. Al examinar la primera dosis de pentavalente y triple viral, la reducción fue del 74,9 % y del 55,1 %, respectivamente.Conclusión. A partir de la segunda quincena de marzo de 2020, se observó una disminución del 64,2 % en las vacunas aplicadas respecto del mismo período en el año anterio
Introduction. The reduction in the number of visits to health care centers since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may affect mandatory vaccination.Objective. To assess the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the administration of the pentavalent and the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccines to children younger than 2 years at the vaccination center of a children's hospital in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires.Method. Cross-sectional study using the vaccination center's digital records from January to May 2019 and 2020.Results. In the second fortnight of March 2020, vaccinations dropped by 64.2 %. When examining the first dose of the pentavalent and MMR vaccines, such reduction was 74.9 % and 55.1 %, respectively.Conclusion. As of the second fortnight of March 2020, vaccinations dropped by 64.2 % compared to the same period of the previous year.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Immunization Schedule , Vaccines, Combined , Vaccination Coverage/trends , COVID-19/prevention & control , Health Services Accessibility/trends , Argentina/epidemiology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Pandemics , COVID-19/epidemiology , Health PolicyABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: La Iniciativa Mundial de Erradicación de la Polio promueve la introducción de vacuna de polio inactivada (IPV) en sus programas, con la posterior retirada de Sabin (bOPV). OBJETIVO: Construir un modelo de económico que compare diferentes esquemas de vacunación para la prevención de polio y tosferina en el primer año de vida. Material y MÉTODOS: Análisis de cuatro escenarios de vacunación del esquema primario para Argentina, en base a los precios de las vacunas, costos del programa y reactogenicidad de vacuna celular o acelular para Bordetella pertussis: - Escenario 1 (caso base): dos dosis de IPV, una dosis de bOPV y tres dosis de vacuna pentavalente (DTwP-HB-Hib); - Escenario 2: tres dosis IPV y de pentavalente; - Escenario 3: tres dosis de hexavalente (DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib); - Escenario 4: dos dosis de hexavalente más una dosis de pentavalente más IPV. RESULTADOS: El costo incremental en base al escenario 1 fue de USD 3.716.671; 19.696.668 y 14.383.341 para los escenarios 2, 3 y 4, respectivamente. Para la reactogenicidad, la diferencia fue de USD -14.178.240 comparado el caso base con el escenario 3. DISCUSIÓN: La inversión de incorporación de full IPV y costos asociados se modifica según tipo de vacuna y reactogenicidad asociada al componente B. pertussis.
BACKGROUND: Global Polio Eradication Initiative promotes the introduction of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in its programs, with withdrawal of Sabin (bOPV). There is no an economic analysis of the investment related to the incorporation of IPV vaccines together with a whole cell Bordetella pertussis vaccine or combined with acellular hexavalent. AIM: An economic model that compares different vaccination schemes for the prevention of polio and pertussis in the first year of life was carried out. METHODS: Four vaccination scenarios for the primary scheme based on Argentina demographic and costs data were developed: - Scenario 1 (base case): two doses of IPV, one dose of bOPV and three doses of pentavalent (DTwP-HepB-Hib) vaccine; - Scenario 2: three doses of IPV plus three doses of pentavalent; - Scenario 3: three doses of hexavalent; - Scenario 4: two doses of hexavalent plus one dose of pentavalent plus IPV. RESULTS: The incremental cost based on scenario 1 was USD 3.716.671; 19.696.668 and 14.383.341 for scenarios 2, 3 and 4 respectively. In terms of reactogenicity savings was -14.178.240 compared base case with scenario 3. DISCUSSION: Full IPV introduction investment and costs associated were modified according to the type of vaccine and reactogenicity related with the B. pertussis component.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child , Poliomyelitis/prevention & control , Whooping Cough/prevention & control , Argentina , Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated , Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine , Immunization Schedule , Vaccination/economics , Hepatitis B Vaccines , Vaccines, Combined , Haemophilus Vaccines , Costs and Cost AnalysisABSTRACT
A partir de 2022, a la dosis de vacuna contra la varicela contemplada a los 15 meses de edad en el Calendario Nacional de Vacunación de Argentina, se suma una segunda dosis al ingreso escolar. En este artículo se repasan los aspectos clave para la implementación de esta práctica de inmunización universal, gratuita y obligatoria. (AU)
Starting in 2022, a second dose of the varicella vaccine will be added to the 15-month-old dose included in Argentina's National Vaccination Schedule at school entry. This article reviews the key aspects for the implementation of this universal, free and mandatory immunization practice. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Chickenpox/prevention & control , Immunization Schedule , Chickenpox Vaccine/administration & dosage , Argentina , Chickenpox/immunologyABSTRACT
Introducción: el 6 de marzo 2020 Colombia registró el primer caso de infección por SARS-CoV-2. Con la cuarentena se enfrentaba también el temor popular acerca del riesgo de seguir con la vacunación usual en tiempos de COVID-19 y de cómo esta podría influir en forma negativa en el término de la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Objetivo: mostrar el avance de la población priorizada para la vacunación contra SARS-CoV-2 en las entidades territoriales de Colombia, además de los esquemas completos y el porcentaje priorizado, en el periodo comprendido entre el 17 de febrero a 26 de julio 2021. Metodología: esta investigación es un estudio transversal, como fuente de información se obtuvo del plan nacional de vacunación contra el COVID-19 de la página web del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Resultados: las entidades territoriales con mayor número de población priorizada para la vacunación fueron: Antioquia (2'583.113), Bogotá (2'077.324), Valle del Cauca (1'437.805), Cundinamarca (1'095.364) y Santander (797.740); entre las entidades territoriales con mayor número de esquemas completos de vacunación estuvieron: Bogotá (1'168.212), Antioquia (620.133), Valle del Cauca (576.283), Santander (335.015) y Norte de Santander (232.110). Se concluyó que los territorios con mayor número de porcentaje priorizado de vacunación fueron: Amazonas (128%), Vaupés (119,92%), Guainía (93,6%), Bogotá (56,24%) y Quindío (51, 73%). Conclusión: es fundamental seguir los resultados de los esquemas de vacunación a nivel territorial para entender su eficacia, la posible reducción de la respuesta inmune con el tiempo y las posibles consecuencias adversas.
Introduction: Colombia registered the first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection on March 6 2020. A general feeling of fear on the risk of continuing usual vaccination programs in times of COVID-19 and how this could negatively impact on the SARS-CoV-2 infection term, was also faced during the quarantine. Objective: to measure progress withSARS-CoV-2 vaccination among prioritized populations, as well as the proportion of completed vaccination and vaccination percentage of this target population, by territorial entities in Colombia, in the period from February 17 to July 26 2021. Methodology: a cross-sectional study research. Data was obtained from the Ministry of Health and Social Protection website based on the national COVID-19 vaccination plan. Results: the territorial entities with the highest population in the priority vaccination groups were: Antioquia (2'583.113), Bogota (2'077.324), Valle del Cauca (1'437.805), Cundinamarca (1'095.364) and Santander (797.740); among the territorial entities with the highest proportion of people who have received completed vaccination schedules were: Bogota (1'168.212), Antioquia (620.133), Valle del Cauca (576.283), Santander (335.015) and Norte de Santander (232.110). It was concluded that the territories with the highest vaccination percentage in the prioritized groups were: Amazonas (128%), Vaupes (119.92%), Guainia (93,6%), Bogota (56,24%) and Quindio (51, 73%). Conclusion: monitoring the results of completed vaccination at the territorial level is essential to gain understandin on the effectiveness, a possible drop of immune response over time, and the potential adverse consequences of these vaccines.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Vaccines , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Immunization Schedule , Pandemics , ImmunitySubject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/immunology , Vaccines/pharmacology , Coronavirus Infections/immunology , Betacoronavirus/immunology , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Vaccines/therapeutic use , Mass Vaccination , Immunization Schedule , Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , PandemicsABSTRACT
Objetivo: Descrever a concordância entre os dados de imunização do Sistema Juarez e as informações da caderneta de vacinação e as coberturas vacinais em crianças de 12 a 24 meses. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, para avaliar a situação vacinal aos 12 e 24 meses de idade de crianças nascidas em 2015 e registradas no Sistema Juarez. Foram verificados os níveis de concordância entre os dados do Sistema Juarez e as informações da caderneta de vacinação. Resultados: Foram incluídas 429 crianças. Verificou-se que a concordância variou entre 84,1 e 99,1%. As coberturas no inquérito vacinal para cada vacina variaram de 86,1 a 100%; e para o esquema completo, de 77,1 (12 meses) a 68,8% (24 meses). As distribuições espaciais da cobertura vacinal foram de 28 a 100%. Conclusão: Observou-se ótima concordância entre os dados, com altas coberturas vacinais, muito embora heterogeneidade em suas distribuições espaciais.
Objetivo: Describir la concordancia entre los datos de vacunación del Sistema Juárez y la información de la cartilla de vacunación y cobertura vacunal en niños de 12 a 24 meses. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo para evaluar el estado de vacunación a los 12 y 24 meses de edad de los niños nacidos en 2015 e inscritos en el Sistema Juárez. Se verificaron los niveles de concordancia entre los datos del Sistema Juárez y la información del carné de vacunación. Resultados: Se incluyeron 429 niños. Se encontró que la concordancia varió entre 84,1 y 99,1%. La cobertura (encuesta de vacunas) para cada vacuna varió de 86% a 100% y para el esquema completo, 77,1% (12 meses) y 68,8% (24 meses). Las distribuciones espaciales de la cobertura vacunal oscilaron entre el 28% y el 100%. Conclusión: excelente concordancia entre los datos, alta cobertura de vacunación, pero heterogeneidad en sus distribuciones espaciales.
Objective: To describe agreement between the Juarez System immunization data and information in vaccination record booklets and vaccination coverage in children aged 12 to 24 months. Methods: This was a descriptive study to assess the vaccination status at 12 and 24 months of age of children born in 2015 and recorded on the Juarez System. The levels of agreement between the Juarez System data and the information in vaccination record booklets were verified. Results: 429 children were included. It was found that agreement ranged between 84.1% and 99.1%. The vaccine survey found that coverage for each vaccine ranged from 86.01% to 100% and for the full schedule, from 77.1% (12 months) to 68.8% (24 months). The spatial distributions of vaccine coverage ranged from 28% to 100%. Conclusion: There was excellent agreement between the data, with high vaccination coverage, but heterogeneity in their spatial distributions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Information Systems , Immunization Programs/supply & distribution , Vaccination Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Residence Characteristics , Immunization ScheduleABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo estimar a adesão à vacina contra a hepatite B em pessoas que vivem em situação de rua. Métodos estudo transversal com 90 pessoas que vivem em situação de rua com a coleta de 5ml de sangue para a detecção do anticorpo contra o antígeno de superfície do vírus da hepatite B. Resultados do total, 89 (98,9%) foram vacinados com a primeira dose; desses, 45 (50,7%) apresentaram anticorpo contra o antígeno de superfície do vírus da hepatite B inferior a 10 UI/mL; 25 (53,3%) receberam a segunda dose da vacina contra a hepatite B e nove (45,8%) participantes receberam a terceira dose de vacina. Indivíduos que mantinham relação com ambos os gêneros tiveram maior chance de aderir ao esquema completo da vacina contra a hepatite B. Conclusão evidenciaram-se a baixa adesão à vacina contra a hepatite B e o número reduzido de participantes com anticorpos que conferem imunidade contra essa infecção.
ABSTRACT Objective to estimate the adherence to hepatitis B vaccine in homeless people. Methods a cross-sectional study with 90 homeless people, with the collection of 5 ml of blood for the detection of antibody against the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus. Results of the total, 89 (98.9%) were vaccinated with the first dose; of these, 45 (50.7%) had antibodies against hepatitis B virus surface antigen lower than 10 IU/L; 25 (53.3%) received the second dose of hepatitis B vaccine, and nine (45.8%) participants received the third dose of vaccine. Individuals who were related to both genders were more likely to adhere to the full hepatitis B vaccine schedule. Conclusion the low adherence to hepatitis B vaccination and the small number of participants with antibodies that confer immunity against this infection were evidenced.
Subject(s)
Ill-Housed Persons , Immunization Schedule , Vaccination , Hepatitis BABSTRACT
Resumen La vacuna oral contra el poliovirus (OPV) ha sido fundamental en controlar la epidemia de poliomielitis, y destaca por su seguridad, eficacia, facilidad de administración oral y bajo costo. Sin embargo, a pesar de estas ventajas, al tratarse de una vacuna con virus vivos atenuados, existe la posibilidad de mutaciones que confieran neurovirulencia. Por ende, es importante la vigilancia de parálisis flácida aguda (PFA), ya sea asociada a las vacunas atenuadas (VAPP) o a los virus derivados de vacunas (VDPV). En esta revisión presentamos datos importantes de Latinoamérica en los últimos años, donde se revisan los datos de VDPV de transmisión comunitaria, de origen ambiguo y asociadas con inmunodeficiencias. Debido a la presencia de VDPV, es importante fortalecer el sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica por PFA, con datos muy inferiores a los recomendados en estos últimos años en las Américas. Adicionalmente, es fundamental mejorar las coberturas vacunales para reducir la cantidad de lactantes en riesgo de adquirir poliomielitis. En consecuencia, presentamos las tasas de cobertura vacunal con la vacuna inactivada contra el poliovirus (IPV) en la región y analizamos los programas de vacunación contra la poliomielitis en concordancia con las recomendaciones de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica (SLIPE; mínimo 3 dosis de IPV) y del Grupo de Expertos en Asesoramiento Estratégico (SAGE) sobre Inmunización de la OMS (mínimo 2 dosis de IPV). El estudio concluye con recomendaciones de los autores para el cambio de OPV a uso exclusivo de IPV, para aumentar las coberturas vacunales y para reforzar la vigilancia por PFA en la región.
Abstract Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) has been instrumental in controlling the polio epidemic, and stands out for its safety, efficacy, ease of oral administration, and low cost. However, despite these advantages, as it is a live attenuated virus vaccine, there is the possibility of mutations that confer neurovirulence. Therefore, surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is important, whether associated with live vaccines (VAPP) or vaccine-derived viruses (VDPV). In this review we present important data from Latin America in recent years, where data on VDPV of community transmission, of ambiguous origin and associated with immunodeficiencies are reviewed. Due to the presence of VDPV, it is important to strengthen the epidemiological surveillance system for AFP, with data much lower than those recommended in recent years in the Americas. Additionally, it is essential to improve vaccination coverage to reduce the number of infants at risk of acquiring poliomyelitis. Consequently, we present the vaccination coverage rates with the inactivated vaccine against poliovirus (IPV) in the region and analyze the vaccination programs against poliomyelitis in accordance with the recommendations of the Latin American Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SLIPE; minimum 3 doses of IPV) and the WHO Strategic Advisory Expert Group (SAGE) on Immunization (minimum 2 doses of IPV). The study concludes with recommendations from the authors for the change from OPV to exclusive use of IPV, to increase vaccination coverage and to strengthen surveillance for AFP in the region.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Infant , Poliomyelitis , Poliovirus , Poliomyelitis/prevention & control , Poliomyelitis/epidemiology , Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated , Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral , Immunization Schedule , Vaccination , Latin America/epidemiologyABSTRACT
La inmunización es una de las intervenciones de salud más exitosas y costo-efectivas, por medio de la cual se pueden prevenir entre dos y tres millones de muertes cada año en el mundo, sigue siendo considerada como una intervención eficaz que salva vidas y evita el sufrimiento; beneficia a los niños porque mejora la salud y la esperanza de vida, también por su impacto social y económico a escala mundial. Objetivo: Validar los instrumentos cuantitativo y cualitativo para determinar los factores sociodemográficos que inciden en la accesibilidad al servicio de inmunizaciones en niños menores de 24 meses. Metodología: El presente estudio es de enfoque mixto (cuanti cualitativo) de corte transversal, exploratorio de tipo descriptivo y de campo, con un enfoque cualitativo fenomenológico diseñado por 3 categorías y codificado de acuerdo al número de participantes. La población como muestra de la investigación es de 100 personas, de las cuales se hizo un estudio piloto de 15 personas para la encuesta y 1 persona para la entrevista a profundidad. Resultados: Al aplicar el criterio de los juicios de expertos, se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: en el instrumento cuantitativo se obtuvo un promedio de 96 y en el instrumento cualitativo logrando un promedio de 95, ambos resultados equivalentes a muy confiable. Conclusión: El plan piloto da a entender que los instrumentos tienen propiedades buenas para determinar los factores sociodemográficos que incidan a la accesibilidad del servicio de inmunizaciones(AU)
Immunization is one of the most successful and cost-effective health interventions; because of it, two and three million deaths can be prevented each year in the world. It continues to be considered an effective intervention that saves lives and avoid suffering; it benefits children because it improves health and life expectancy because of its social and economic impact on a global scale. Objective: To validate the quantitative and qualitative instruments in order to determine the sociodemographic factors that affect accessibility to the immunization service in children under 24 months. Methodology: The present study is a cross-sectional (quantitative - qualitative) mixed approach, exploratory, descriptive and field, with a phenomenological qualitative approach designed by three categories and coded according to the number of participants. The population as a sample of the research is 100 people, of which a pilot study of 15 people was carried out for the survey and one person for the in-depth interview. Results: When applying the criterion of expert judgments, getting the following results: in the quantitative instrument obtained an average of 96 and in the qualitative instrument achieving an average of 95, both results equivalent to very reliable. Conclusion: The pilot plan suggests that the instruments have good properties to determine the sociodemographic factors that affect the accessibility of the immunization service(AU)